- gj;jpupifj;Jiwapy;  25tUlq;fSf;F Nky; jlk; gjpj;j mWth;

   jpdfud; gj;jphpifapy;; fle;j 25 tUlq;fSf;F Nkyhf gpuNjr gj;jphpifahsuhfg; gzpahw;wp tUk; jpU. nry;yg;gh fjph;fhkj;jk;gp> jpU fjpuNtY >jpU.,. rw;FUehjd;> jpU.rp. jpy;iyehjd;> jpU jpUr;nry;tk;> jpU.eh. ,yl;Rkzuhrh MfpNahh; khh;fop 11 Mk; jpfjp aho;g;ghzj;jpy; eilngw;w jpdfud; thukQ;rhp thrfh; tl;l tpohtpy; Nyf;`T]; epWtd Mrphpah; gPlg;gzpg;ghsh; rPyul;z nrduj; jpdfud; thukQ;rhp kw;Wk; aho;. jpdfud; Mfpa gj;jphpiffspd; gpujk Mrphpah; Nj. nre;jpy;Ntyth; MfpNahh; ,th;fSf;fhd  nfstuj;ij aho;. khtl;l nrayff; Nfl;Nghh; $lj;jpy; aho;g;ghz fl;lisj;jsgjp Nk[h; n[duy; k`pe;j `e;JUrpq;f> aho;. khtl;l mur mjpgh; jpUkjp. ,nky;lh RFkhh;> aho;. khefu Kjyth;; jpUkjp. NahNf];thp gw;Fzuhrh MfpNahh; Kd;dpiyapy; nfsutpf;fg;gl;ldh;. mt; mWth;fspd; tuyhw;Wj;jlq;fis Nehf;Fkplj;J.

Kd;Ndhbaha; jpfo;e;j %j;j gj;jphpifahsh; nry;yhg;gh fjph;fhkj;jk;gp

   1928Mk; Mz;L jhtbapy; gpwe;j ,th; rpW tajpNyNa jpdfud;> tPuNfrhp Mfpa gj;jphpiffSf;F thrfh; fbjk; %yk; jd;id gj;jphpifj;Jiwapy; milahsg;gLj;jpdhh;. nla;yp epA+];> nla;yp kpuh;> nla;yp xg;rpNyhd; Mfpa gj;jphpiffSf;F Ch;fhtw;Jiw  epUguhf flikahw;wpa ,th; 15.08.1962 ,y; Vhpf;fiuf; gj;jphpiffspy; Ch;fhtw;Jiw epUguhf epakdk; ngw;whh;. md;W njhlq;fpa gzpia ,d;W tiu Fwpg;ghf 50 Mz;L fhykhf njhlh;r;rpahf jpdfud; cl;gl nla;yp epA+];> xg;nrgh; Mfpa gj;jphpiffSf;Fr; nra;jp mDg;gp tUfpwhh;. ,th; r%fj;jpy; elf;Fk; kf;fSf;F Njitahd nra;jpfis toq;Ftjpy; jdJ tNahjpgh; epiapYk; nfhLg;gJ fz; $L.

fy;fj;jh gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; fiyg;gl;ljhhpAk; ,isg;ghwpa mjpgUk;> tl ,yq;if gj;jphpifahsh; rq;fj;jiytUk;> mfpy ,yq;if rkjhd ePjthDkhf nry;yhg;gh fjph;fhkj;jk;gp ,Ue;jik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

   Gj;jfkhfg; gbf;fNtz;ba Gifg;glf; fiyQd ;fjpuNtY

1948,y; Gifg;glj;JiwapNy fhy; gjpj;J ,d;W 76 taJ epuk;gpa  fiyQd; fjpuNtY gy mDgtq;fis fz;lth;. me;j tifapy; 1961 Mk; Mz;L aho;g;ghz khtl;l nrayfj;jpy; eilngw;w jkpouRf;fl;rp khehL. 1981Mk; Mz;L aho.; efh; jP %l;b vhpf;fg;gl;l rk;gtk; ,tw;NwhL 1959> 1960> 1961Mk; Mz;Lfspy; eilngw;w jpdfud; tpisahl;L tpoh Mfpatw;wpd; %yk; Gifg;gl fiyQDf;Fhpa GfOld; gj;jphpifj;Jiwapy; gutyhdhh;.

1961Mk; Mz;L aho;. khtl;l nrayf %d;wypy; jkpo; kf;fs; khngUk; rj;jpahf;fpuf Nghuhl;lj;ij Muk;gpj;jdh;. ,jw;fhd rj;jpahfpufpfspd; Kw;Wifia jhz;b mg;NghJ mur mjpguhf ,Ue;j vk;. = fhe;jh jdJ mYtyfj;jpypUe;J ntspNa tuNtz;bapUe;jJ. mjid mg;NghJ 28 taJ epuk;gp ,isQd; fjpuNtY gpnw]; fkuhthy; glk;gpbj;J jpdfud;> nla;yp epA+]; Mfpa gj;jphpiffspy;; gpuRhpj;J ngUk; rh;r;iria Vw;gLj;jpdhh;. md;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; khitf;fe;jd; Mya NfhGuj;ij glnkLf;f gyh; gjwpdhh;fs;. Mdhy; fjpuNtY mUfpYs;s njhopiyr;rhiy xd;wpd;; $iu Nky; Vwp glk; gpbj;J mjid jpdfudpy; gpuRhpj;jhh;.

tlkuhl;rp nra;jpfspd; fjhehafd; rp.jpy;iyehjd;

   1950Mk; Mz;by; Mdp khjk; 29 Mk; jpfjp GNyhyp fhe;jpA+hpy; gpwe;j ,th; jpdfud; gj;jphpifapy; funtl;b epUguhf flikahw;wp tUfpwhh;. 1969 Mk; Mz;L Kjy;  fz;bapypUe;J ntspte;J nfhz;bUe;j Njrpa thu,jo; gj;jphpifapy; aho;g;ghz epUguhf ,ize;J njhlh;e;J 1970fspy; aho;g;ghzj;jpypUe;J ntspahd <oehL gj;jphpifapd; ney;ypabg; gFjp epUguhf ,ize;J nfhz;lhh;. 1972 fhyg;gFjpapy; jpdfud; gj;jphpif jdpahh; epWtdkhf ,Ue;j Ntis mth; cLg;gpl;b epUguhf epakpf;fg;gl;lhh;. 1998Mk; Mz;L Kjy; mr;RNtyp jpdfud; epUguhfTk; 2001w;F gpd;dh; ey;Y}h; jpdfud; epUguhfTk; Nrit Ghpe;jhh;. ,th; tl ,yq;if gj;jphpifahsh; rq;fj;jpd;; %j;j cWg;gpdh;fspy; xUtuhthh;. xU fz;fspy; ghh;it ,oe;j nfhz;l ,th; vq;Fk; epfo;Nth rk;gtNkh ele;jhYk; mt;tplj;jpw;F Kjyhtjhfr; nrd;W nra;jp Nrfhpf;Fk;  Jzpr;rYs;s Clftpayhsh;.

jPtfj;jpy; gy gpur;ridfisj; jPh;j;j ,. rw;FUehjd;

   1941Mk; Mz;L Ntyizapy; Gfo; G+j;j itj;jpah;fshd jpU MWKfk; ,isajk;gp> jpUkjp ,isajk;gp mDrk;kh jk;gjpfSf;F gpwe;j ,th; cajuf;fy;tpiaf; fw;Wf;nfhz;L FU rPlh; Kiwg;gb jdJ ghuk;ghpa itj;jpaj;ij fw;Wj;Njh;e;j ,th; 1970Mk; Mz;by; MAs; Ntj itj;jparhiyapy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l tprfb itj;jpauhdhd;. 1970Mk; Mz;by; jpdfud; gj;jphpifapd; Ntyizf; FO epUguhf gjtpNaw;whh;. Ntyizapy; elf;Fk; rk;gtq;fis #l;Lld; #L nra;jpahf;fp mDg;gp tpLtNjhL Ntyizapy; mgptpUj;jpf;fhf jd;id Ntl;il ehaha; tsg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhh;. mj;Jld; tlgFjp RNjr itj;jpa rq;fk; Ntyiz fiykfs; rdr%f epiyak; Nghd;w nghJ mikg;Gf;fspypUe;J r%fg;gzpahw;wp tUfpwhh;.  ,th; fiyfspy; jd;id <LgLj;jp gy fiy eltbf;iffspy; fsk; ,wq;fpAs;shh;. vOj;Jj;JiwapNy rpWguhaj;jpNa ghz;bj;jpak; ngw;wjpdhy; vOj;Jyfpy; ,th; jd;id Jzpr;rYld; vOjpailahsg;gLj;jpdhh;. rkak; r%f Nritfspy; ,tUf;F jdpahd ,lk; ,Ug;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

gUj;jp ike;jdpd; gq;fspg;G V.vd;.v]; jpUr;nry;tk;

   1952Mk; Mz;L gUj;jp efh; vd miof;fg;gLk; gUj;jpj;JiwapNy gpwe;j ,th; 1975 Mk; Mz;L <oehL gj;jphpifapd; nra;jpahsuhf epakdk; ngw;W gj;jphpifj;Jiwapy; jd;id gof;fg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhh;. 1978Mk; Mz;by; jpdfud; gj;jphpiff;fhd gUj;jpj;Jiw epUguhf epakdk; ngw;W 33 tUlq;fshf jdJ gzpapid njhlh;e;J tUfpd;whh;. E}yfg;gphpadhf ,Ue;jikahy; gytw;iwAk; Njbg;gbf;Fk; jpwik nfhz;L gy;NtW JiwfspYk; mwpit tsh;j;njLj;jhh;. ,jdhy; jdJ vOj;Jyfpy; Vuhskhd thrfh;fis jd;dfkhf;fpdhh;. gUj;jp;j;Jiw gpuNjr rigapd; gpujk E}yfuhf gzpahw;wpa NghJ aho;g;ghzg; gy;fiyf;fofk; aho;. cs;Suhl;rpj;jpizf;fsKk; ,ize;J aho.; khtl;l gpuNjr rig E}yfq;fSf;fpilNa elj;jpa Nghl;bapy; rpwe;j E}yfuhf njhpthfp tpUijAk; ngw;whh;. ,jd; gpd; =yhq;f E}yf Nritf;F juKah;j;jg;gl;lhh;. ,th; fy;tp fiy fyhrhu r%f Nritfspy; jd;id Kw;W KOjhf mh;gzpj;Jf; nfhz;lij mwpe;j mfpy ,d ey;YwT xd;wpak; ,tUf;F rhk = NerN[hjp vd;Dk; gl;lj;ijAk; tpUijAk; toq;fp nfsutpj;Js;sJ. aho;g;ghz ,yq;ifj; njhopy;El;gf; fy;Y}hapy; fzf;fpay; njhopy;El;gf;fy;tpiaAk; E}yf tpQ;Qhdj;jpy; bg;Nshkh gapw;rpiaAk; ngw;W ,d;W aho; khtl;lj;jpy; %j;j gj;jphpifahsh;fspy; xUtuhf gzpahw;wp tUfpwhh;. ,th; aho;g;ghz gy;fiyf;fof Clff;fw;if epiyaj;jpd; KjyhtJ mzpapdhpd; khztd; vd;gJk; <z;L Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

gj;jphpifj;Jiwf;nfd ghLgl;l neLe;jPT eh. ,yl;Rkzuhrh

   1942Mk; Mz;L khh;fop khjk; 7Mk; jpfjp neLj;jPtpy; gpwe;j ,th; ,d;W 46 tUlq;fshf gj;jphpifj;Jiwapy; gzpahw;wp tUfpwhh;. gbf;Fk; fhyj;jpNyNa gj;jphpifr; nra;jpahsdhf Ntz;Lk; vd;w Mh;tk; nfhz;ljdhy; Kjypy; tPuNfrhp gj;jphpifapy; 1965Mk; Mz;bYk; gpd; 1969,y; jpdfudpYk; nra;jpahsuhf Nrh;e;J cs;Shpd; Kf;fpa Njitfis Fwpj;j jiyth;fis nra;jpf;fl;Liufshf vOjp te;jhh;. ,d;W neLj;jPTf;fly; Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; Nritia toq;Ftjpy; jhkjpj;j murpw;F jdJ nra;jp fizfs; %yk; njhlh;e;j tpy;ypd; fhuzkhf ,d;W neLj;jPT Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; Nrit rpwg;ghf miktjw;Fk; neLj;jPtpw;fhd nghJ E}yfk; miktjw;Fk; ,tNu fhuzk;. ftpij gilf;Fk; Mw;wy; nfhz;l ,th; caph; %r;R> rphpf;Fk; G+f;fs;> ep[q;fspd; epoy;fs; Mfpa ftpijfis thrfhpd; Ntz;LNfhSf;fpzq;f gilj;jpUf;fpwhh;. “neLj;jPT rpijAk; rpd;dq;fs; 2010 Mk; Mz;bw;fhd rpwe;j Ma;tpd; E}yf khfhzgz;ghl;lYty;fs;  mikr;rpdhy; njhpT nra;ag;gl;lJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

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